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Radioactive iodine therapy is a common medical process used to kill cancer tissues in the thyroid gland. The treatment works by targeting cells that absorb iodine and emitting radiation to destroy them. This approach is effective because the thyroid gland relies heavily on iodine to produce chemicals.

The science behind radioactive iodine treatment is based on the thyroid gland's natural process of absorbing iodine from the circulation. The gland uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones, which are essential for regulating growth, development, and development. To deliver radioactive iodine to the thyroid gland, patients are given a small dose of radioactive iodine orally or via intravenous delivery. The radioactive iodine is absorbed into the circulation and is then carried to the thyroid gland, where it is absorbed in the gland's cells.

Once inside the thyroid tissues, the radioactive iodine emits radiation that destroys the cells. The radiation is highly effective against cancer cells in the thyroid, targeting them specifically without harming surrounding normal tissue. The radiation also has a short range, ensuring that it doesn't damage adjacent cells or affect other parts of the body.

The effectiveness of radioactive iodine treatment depends on several factors, including the type and stage of thyroid disease, the size and location of the tumor, and the patient's overall health. In some cases, the treatment may be used in conjunction with other therapies, such as surgery or radiation therapy.

The radiation emitted by radioactive iodine is highly specific, targeting only the cells that absorb iodine. This is because iodine is selectively taken up by the thyroid gland тиреотоксикоз through a process called iodine absorption. The thyroid gland has a high concentration of sodium-iodide symporters, which are proteins that help transport iodine into the tissues. Radioactive iodine is designed to mimic the natural iodine, making it easy for the thyroid gland to take it up and absorb it.

In addition to destroying cancer tissues, radioactive iodine therapy also helps to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence by removing any remaining cancer cells in the thyroid gland. The treatment is usually given in a single administration, and the effects can be seen in a matter of days to weeks after the therapy.

While radioactive iodine treatment is a highly effective treatment, it is not without risks. Side effects can include changes in thyroid health, decreased blood cell count, and inflammation of the thyroid gland. In some cases, patients may experience more serious complications, such as damage to surrounding tissues or increased risk of radiation leakage to others.

However, the benefits of radioactive iodine therapy far outweigh the risks for many patients. With proper medical care and evaluation, the side effects can be minimized, and the treatment can be highly effective in killing cancer tissues and reducing the risk of recurrence.