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You can access data by country by clicking on the map or selecting a country from the dropdown menu. Looking at longer-term trends in wastewater analysis, in most cases the levels increased between 2011 and 2016, and have since fluctuated. The data show that large quantities of MDMA are used in cities in Belgium, Czechia, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. The latest available data suggest buy ecstasy an overall relatively stable level of consumption of MDMA in the European Union, although there are variations at national level. According to Dutch Police, these tablets are sold to distributors at EUR 0.59 per unit (2022 values), who in turn re-sell them at EUR 1.78 each (for quantities above 99 tablets). Profits generated by the sale of MDMA tablets are expected to be significant given the volume of the trade.

MDMA use can lead to dangerous levels of hyperthermia and dehydration – often exacerbated by the environments in which it is commonly consumed, such as crowded nightclubs or music festivals. While the population of Brussels is larger than that of Stockholm, the amount of MDMA consumed is almost 30 % higher in Stockholm. Estimates based on wastewater data for MDMA were noted to be more than double the amount estimated by the demand-based estimate. In a study commissioned for this analysis, wastewater estimates were found to give different results, either higher or lower, than demand-based estimates, depending on the drug concerned.


Some tablets even contain stamping that indicate the quantity of MDMA present, although this is not always accurate and may also constitute a health risk. For example, in August 2023, tablets containing 350 milligrams of MDMA were seized in Spain. Meanwhile, data from drug-checking services suggest that approximately 85 % of the powders tested in 2023 contained between 80 and 100 % MDMA (81 % in 2022). Data reported to drug-checking services are generally in agreement with these trends. The detection of mixtures of MDMA and ketamine combined with other substances including cocaine have also increased in some regions of Europe, and are sold as ‘pink cocaine’, ‘tuci’ or ‘tucibi’ (see Box 6.3. What is tucibi?

While a slight decrease in price was observed in 2022 for ecstasy tablets, this may not be statistically significant or sustained in the coming years. In fact, it could be argued that MDMA in the form of ecstasy tablets became cheaper between 2012 and 2019 as tablets containing larger quantities of MDMA became increasingly available on the market (see Section The trend of large tablets containing more MDMA may be reversing). For countries reporting data in 2022, a considerable retail price range was observed, with prices per ecstasy tablet ranging from EUR 4 to EUR 19 (mean) and prices of MDMA powder from EUR 6 to EUR 50 per gram. Occasionally, tablets containing 250 milligrams or more of MDMA are encountered on EU drug markets. This trend may be a combination of the scheduling of PMK glycidate, and a reduction in demand for MDMA during the COVID-19 pandemic, and is in line with the changes observed in the adulteration of ecstasy tablets (see Section Ecstasy adulteration is responsive to market pressures). This means that the ratio of MDMA to fillers (excipients) in the mixtures used to make ecstasy tablets did not increase over this time period.

However, from 2019 onwards, the quantity of MDMA found in tablets appears to have slightly decreased. However, larger seizures of these mixtures have also been reported in the European Union. These detections have generally been small in quantity with the powders containing a range of different substances – always ketamine and MDMA, and typically additional substances including cocaine, caffeine or cathinones. The majority of these identifications were reported by Spain, although pink powders have also been reported in Czechia, Germany, Estonia, Hungary, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Romania, Sweden and Norway. Throughout 2021, and continuing into 2022 and 2023, a number of detections of pink powders consistent with tucibi were reported to the EU Early Warning System. Tuci or tucibi (also spelled tusi and tusibi) are phonetic transliterations of ‘2C’ (a series of psychoactive phenethylamines) or ‘2C-B’ (one of the most well-known derivatives of that series of substances).
THC Drug Test – Marijuana Urine Dip Test 50 ng/ml


An overdose can occur if too much MDMA is taken or if it’s mixed with other substances, intentionally or unintentionally. Most standard drug tests, like the 12-panel drug test, explicitly test for the presence of MDMA. Understanding the MDMA Ecstasy/Molly Test and its role in screening processes is essential, especially for those in environments where drug use is a concern.
Harms and ris

The average content of MDMA in ecstasy tablets appears to be on a slight downward trend from 2019, after close to a decade of increasingly stronger (and larger) tablets becoming available on the marke